Taurus 14

Taurus is the second astrological sign in the Zodiac, originating from the constellation of Taurus. In western astrology, this sign is no longer aligned with the constellation as a result of the precession of the equinoxes. In astrology, Taurus is considered a "feminine", negative sign. It is also considered an earth sign and is one of four fixed signs. Taurus is ruled by the planet Venus (which also rules Libra). Being the second sign of the zodiac, Taurus has been associated with the astrological second house. The glyph is also the alchemical symbol for rocksalt.
Individuals born when the Sun was in this sign are considered Taurus individuals. Under the tropical zodiac, the Sun is in Taurus from April 20 to May 20.Under the sidereal zodiac, it is currently there roughly from May 15 to June 15. An astrological chart must be plotted to ascertain the exact position of the Sun around these juncture dates.

In mythology Taurus is often associated with the Greek myth of the bull-form taken by Zeus in order to win Europa. Taurus is also associated with the Greco-Roman goddess Aphrodite/Venus and sometimes also the goddesses Hera/Juno, Ishtar, Isis, Freyja, and Frigg and the gods Pan, Dionysus/Bacchus, Xolotl, and Quetzalcoatl.[citation needed] The astrological symbol for Taurus represents the head and horns of the bull.

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Taurus (Latin: 'bull', symbol , Unicode ♉) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It sits large and prominent in the Northern Hemisphere winter sky, between Aries to the west and Gemini to the east; to the north lie Perseus and Auriga, to the southeast Orion, and to the southwest Eridanus and Cetus.

The identification of the constellation of Taurus as a bull is very old. However, we should be cautious when trying to link prehistoric phenomena with the symbolism of a number of ancient, literate cultures whose interactions and appropriations can be evaluated through the examination of their own written accounts, images and artifacts. Because prehistoric people did not document their lives in texts, we can only try to gauge the significance of their images by analyzing them in the context of other artifacts and evidence that survive from their world. We do not have their own words or voices to interpret pictures or explain if they are supposed to represent anything other than what they appear to be: massive bulls, galloping horses, deer and so on.

Nonetheless, Michael Rappenglück of the University of Munich believes that Taurus is represented in the Hall of the Bulls in the caves at Lascaux. The French paintings date to approximately 15,000-13,000 BCE, i.e., long before their creators' descendants developed a written language that presents clear signs of their culture. The theoretical connection made between a constellation and just one of many images of bulls in the caves at Lascaux should arouse skepticism. Amateurs should note that the association between constellations and Lascaux has not entered canonical scholarly literature, nor respected textbooks[who?] that are revised and updated frequently to accommodate new, scholarly discoveries.

For further information regarding Rappenglück's theory, cf. a recent report by the British Broadcasting Corporation. It should also be noted that large prehistoric images of bulls are found throughout Southwest France and Spain, joining prehistoric European sculptures of bulls rendered in stone, clay and bone whose significance continues to fascinate and intrigue. No one has been able to "solve" the puzzle they present to us nor crack any code we may wish was there. None of the murals conform to contemporary notions of a framed composition, so the idea that one out of many paintings of bulls charts the skies with discernible coordinates on a compass must also raise doubts.
Shũr was the name used in ancient Babylon for Taurus.
In Greek mythology, Zeus assumes the form of a magnificent white bull to abduct Europa, a legendary Phoenician princess, and thus, fathers Minos. The tale informs the names of constellations since it is necessary to traverse the area of sky known as the Sea to reach it. When passing through the Zodiac, it forms the origin of the myth of the Cretan Bull, one of The Twelve Labors of Heracles.
Minos inspires the name given to the ancient Aegean civilization of Crete. Minoan culture predates the rise of ancient civilizations on the Greek mainland. We can trace the ubiquitous image of the bull in Minoan culture to the Ancient Near Eastern world whose courts, tombs and temples are filled with images that tie their power to that of the bull.

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Deep Sky Objects in Taurus:

Taurus contains two well known Messier objects: the Crab Nebula and the Pleiades. Besides these two there is the `other' cluster, known as The Hyades, and the curious "Hind's Variable Nebula".
Just northwest of zeta Tauri is the first of Messier's objects: M1, the Crab Nebula. Early observers thought the object to be a star cluster, something like a dimmer version of the Great Orion Nebula. Messier was so intrigued by it, on the night of 12 September, 1758, that he began his catalogue - the purpose of which was to keep observers from mistaking such objects for comets.
It takes a rather large telescope to see any of the filamentary features of the nebula; most viewers come away disappointed.
The Crab Nebula is a remnant of a supernova, whose explosion occurred (or rather, was visibly recorded) in July of 1054. Chinese and Japanese astronomers witnessed the event. In fact, it would have been difficult not to notice, for the night sky would have been lit up by a star with the visual magnitude of about -5, bright enough to be seen even in the daytime for nearly a month.
The star that exploded, producing the nebula, is now an optical pulsar. Even now, nearly a thousand years later, the nebula is hurtling through space at roughly a thousand kilometers per second. And it continues to grow; the nebula is now over thirteen light years in diameter (four parsecs) according to the Facts On File Dictionary of Astronomy.
M45, The Pleiades.
This open cluster contains as many as three thousand stars. The brightest seven go under the name The Seven Sisters" (from brighter to dimmer): Alcyone (eta Tauri), Electra, Maia, Merope, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Asterope. Added to the list are also Pleione (BU Tauri = 28 Tauri), just east of Alcyone, and Atlas (27 Tauri) who are actually Mum and Dad for the seven sisters. (The two are often seen as one star; it takes a clear night to see them as two separate stars.)

The Hyades

This open cluster of about two hundred stars is only 150 light years away, and considered to be about 600 million years old. It is shaped like a "V", just to the west of Aldebaran.
Just as the Pleiades have individual names, so did the Hyades at one time. In fact, these stars were supposed to be the half-sisters of the Pleiades, and Robert Burnham (Celestial Handbook) gives their names - and a great deal more on this group. Theta2 is the brightest star of the group, which forms a binary with theta1 (see below). The group is thought to be about 400 million years old.
These nine stars, then, constitute the minimum count, easily seen with the naked eye, while there are actually as many as 250 stars which belong to the group. The cluster is estimated to be 415 light years away. Even a small telescope brings this famous star cluster alive.

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The constellation shows mainly the horns, and exceedingly long horns they are. The left (southern) horn starts from the group of stars known as The Hyades, of which Aldebaran seems (erroneously) to be a member. It extends from Aldebaran to zeta Tauri, near the eastern edge of the constellation.
The right horn lifts up just west of the Hyades, from delta Tauri through tau Tauri and finally to its tip at beta Tauri (El Nath: remember this star as part of Auriga?)
The rest of the bull is rather disappointing; a slight body and two spindly legs. It may be that the bull is half-emerged in water, as it carries Europa across to Crete.

The stars of Taurus:

Taurus' eye is bright and piercing. This is Aldebaran (alpha Tauri), an orange giant about 40 times the size of the Sun. Aldebaran is an old star. For billions of years it has burned its supply of hydrogen until there is little left. Its future won't be as a spectacular explosion of a supernova but rather a gradual dimming into a white dwarf.
Following the lower horn out to its tip we find zeta Tauri. This is a shell star. Shell stars are main-sequence stars which rotate rapidly, causing a loss of matter to an ever-expanding shell.
Most of the interesting features of Taurus are found in the centre of the constellation and toward the west. Around Aldebaran are a number of stars which go by the collective name of The Hyades (see below).
Aldebaran is not a member of this group. Not only is it closer to us, but its proper motion is at a different angle. Aldebaran is moving at an angle of 161 degrees, the stars of the Hyades at around 102-109 degrees.

Double stars in Taurus

Taurus has an abundant selection of binary stars, including many Struve binaries that we haven't mentioned. Below is a very small selection of some of the easier doubles to resolve.
Theta2 and theta1 form a fixed binary of wide separation, theta2 just below and to the east. Note that theta2 is the primary: 3.4, 3.8; PA 346º and separation 337".
Kappa1 and kappa1 form an easily resolved binary: 4.2, 5.3; PA 328º, separation 5.3".
Sigma2 and sigma1 is another wide fixed binary. And again, sigma2 is the primary: 4.8, 5.2; PA 193º and separation 431".
80 Tauri is a difficult visual binary with an orbit of 189.5 years: 5.5, 8.0; current PA 17º and separation of 1.8" (very nearly its maximum separation).
Struve 422 is a wide visual binary with an orbit of over 2000 years: 5.9, 8.8; PA 269º, 6.7". It's located at 9º SW of nu Tauri, just north of the brighter 10 Tauri.

Variable stars in Taurus

Many of the more notable variable stars in Taurus are of a type not noticed by casual observation, such as alpha Taurus, which is classified as an Lb type variable. These are irregular giants whose variation can only be detected by means of photoelectric photometry. Alpha Taurus only changes in visual magnitude by 0.2, from 0.75 to 0.95, and the period is irregular.
BU Tauri (Pleione) is a gammaCas type variable, from 4.77 to 5.50. GammaCas variables are also characterised by an irregular period, which may sometimes be very rapid. These are B stars, quite young, and rotate very rapidly. This rotation results in the throwing off of material, which then forms a shell around the star. The cause of its variation is still not understood.
Zeta Tauri is also a gammaCas type variable, with a variation from 2.88 down to 3.17 roughly every 133 days.
Lambda Tauri, in the Hyades cluster, is a good example of an eclipsing variable. The variability is caused by the partial eclipse of the primary by its companion, dimming the 3.3 visual magnitude down to 3.8 every 3.95 days.
R Tauri is a Mira-type variable with a 320.9 day period. Usually at 7.6, it drops to a very dim 15.8 once a year. In 2000 the maximum should occur in the first week of May.

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Is Taurus attacking Orion, the Hunter, or are the Horns of the Bull the real story?
The horn was a symbol of fertility and bountiful riches in many cultures for thousands of years, and it is probably the case here, for the constellation would have announced the Vernal Equinox at around 4000 BC.

The constellation Taurus may also allude to the Greek story of Europa and the Bull. Europa was daughter of King Agenor. One fine spring day, accompanied by her hand maidens, Princess Europa went to the seashore to gather flowers. Zeus, who had fallen in love with Europa, seized the opportunity.

Zeus transformed himself into a magnificent white bull, and as such he joined King Agenor's grazing herd. Europa noticed the wonderful white beast, who gazed at them all with such a mild manner that they were not frightened.

Europa wove wreathes of flowers for the beast, and wrapped them around his horns. She led him around the meadow, and he was as docile as a lamb. Then, as he trotted down to the seashore, she jumped onto his shoulders. Suddenly, to her surprise and fright, he plunged into the sea and carried the princess to Crete.

As they reached the Cretan shore, Zeus then turned into an eagle and ravaged Europa. She bore three sons, the first of which was Minos.

Minos is said to have introduced the bull cult to the Cretans. He had Daedalus build a labyrinth in the depths of his palace at Knossus, which became the home of the Minotaur (offspring of Mino's wife Pasiphae, and a bull). Seven young men and seven maidens were ritually sacrificed to the Minotaur until Theseus killed it.

Minos, in fact, was the title of the ancient rulers of Crete, and the story probably tells of their mythic origin.

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Taurus is the first of the earth elements and its basic elemental quality is cold and dry. Its seasonal qualities are hot and wet in the Northern latitudes while cold and dry in the Southern. It is feminine whose similitude is of the nocturnal sect.Venus (Aphrodite) is the domicile ruler and the Moon has her exaltation at the 3rd°. It is the detriment of Mars at 10°. The ruler of its triplicity by day is Venus and then the Moon. By night it's ruler is the Moon and then Venus. The co-ruler by day and night is Mars.

"It is the wealth-bringing zoidion (sign) of the cosmos, earthy, rural, pertaining to freedmen, descending, unprolific, semi-vocal and mute, good, unchangeable, industrious, significant for foundations, aquisitions. . . . . Those born in this zoidion (sign) will be good, versed in handicraft, hard-working, good at preserving things, pleasure loving, music loving, generous, while some of them will be husbandmen, planters, builders."

Vettius Valens: The Anthology Book I

Aristotle proposed that the Elements changed from one to another through a cyclic process, and the model for this cyclic process of change was the cycle of the seasons. In the north, Taurus is warmer and wetter than one would expect of an earth sign.We can see in nature that after the initial "energetic" push of spring (Aries) that as the leaves and buds open, plants push deeper and strengthen their root systems. It is the transitional period when life builds the foundations necessary to sustain herself as things move from elemental wet to dry.It is these qualities that define the Taurean nature. Solid in nature, its symbolism is that of the fertility of spring brought to fruition. It is foundations; (the root system is the foundation for the plant), but it is also symbolic of objects which have permanence (Taurus is also about first time awareness of other things outside the self, introducing the idea of object permanence.) The solid quality is not necessarily in the material sense, but describes the ability to continue at length without easily quitting. Solidity is persistence. Earth is cool and dry, which describes the placid nature that planets here, are said to have.When opposite signs are contrasted, it will be found that their characteristics are also diametrically opposite. It follows then, that the characteristics of Taurus must be the antithesis of those of Scorpio, namely tameness, docility and pacifisms... contemplative in temperament - noted for patience, tolerance, and prolonged, steady application to congenial work or study. The keynote of Taurus is devotion, to a person, to an ideal, or simply to work.Taurus distributes both good and bad through the affections (the ancients say that Taurus has these qualities because it has adopted Venus as its house steward.) , and as a result, is a producer of wealth and inclines itself towards the finer arts. Which is why Taurus was a significator of acquired wealth depending on the planets found here.

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"In the sign of Taurus there are 33 stars and the Pleiades on its back"- - Ibn-Ezra, 'The Beginning of Wisdom'"Those stars in Taurus which are in the abscission of the sign resemble in their temperament the influence of Venus and in some degree that of Saturn; . . . the stars in the head (except Aldebaran) resemble Saturn and partly Mercury; those at the top of the horns are like Mars". - - PtolemyTaurus is one of the easiest constellations to see in the autumn and it is just northwest of the Orion constellation! We see it as the home of many star clusters such as the Pleiades and the Hyades, which make up the head. We also find the Crab Nebula within its borders.The brightest star in Taurus is Aldebaran. While other notables are both Betelgeuze and Bellatrix.

In Egypt

The Bull-god Apis was worshipped for thousands of years in Egypt. As the chief seat of learning, Memphis majored in the worship of Ptah, and the sacred Apis bull. Ptah, according to Egyptian belief, was "the Mind of the Universe,' who created all gods and men by thinking them into existence. Artists, skilled craftsmen, and men of letters especially revered him. For Apis the Sacred Bull, a magnificent temple was constructed which was known as the "Cathedral' of Egypt. Spring was the time when festivals honouring the Apis-bulls were held.
At this time in history, roughly around 4000 B.C., the Sun's position along the Zodiac on the first day of spring, or Vernal Equinox, was in that constellation we now recognize as Taurus, the Bull. So for many centuries Taurus was to be the first and most important constellation of the Zodiac. Some have suggested that Taurus may have been the first Zodiac constellation invented.

Greece

In early Greek mythology, Zeus falls in love with Europa, the beautiful daughter of King Agenor of Phoenicia, as she was bathing with her girl friends on the beach at Tyre.

But her father's servants constantly guarded Europa.One day Zeus changed himself into a beautiful white bull with golden horns. He then mixed with the royal herds that were grazing in a large field by the sea. Europa, who had been walking along the beach, noticed this beautiful animal and could not resist going up to it and feeding it. So friendly and gentle was this splendid bull that she climbed onto its back and grasped its golden horns.Gradually the white bull wandered closer to the sea and when near the beach ran into the water and began swimming towards the island of Crete. By this time it is to late for Europa to climb off.When the two arrived to Crete, Zeus changed himself back into his own form revealing himself and seduced the maiden. The son that resulted from their union became King Minos of Crete, who also figures in the story of Ariadne and the Minotaur. Realizing that he could not marry Europa himself, Zeus gave her in marriage to Asterius, king of Crete.ReligionIn the Bible the bull took on a distinct symbolism.

<<>>EXO.32:3-4<> ACT.7:41 KJV<> EXO.32:35
It wasn't so much the idol as what it symbolised that brought on God's wrath. It was the symbol of the fruits of ones labours being exalted over recognition of "every good and precious thing coming from above". Which was probably why the bull, along with the ram and goat, became also one of the offerings for sin.
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The Bull. The Bull was the symbol for power and strength.

The Bull-god Apis was worshipped in Egypt for thousands of years. To qualify for the honor of being an Apis-bull, a real bull must have certain markings and then be tended by the high priests. For as long as it lived, an Apis-bull supposedly embodied the soul of the Bull-god. When the Apis-bull died, another, with similar markings, had to be found to house the soul of the Bull-god.

In early Greek mythology, Zeus falls in love with Europa, the daughter of the King of Tyre. But Europa was constantly guarded by her father's servants. One day Zeus changed himself into a beautiful white bull with golden horns. He then mixed with the royal herds that were grazing in a large field by the sea. Europa, who had been walking along the beach, noticed this beautiful animal and could not resist going up to it and feeding it. So friendly and gentle was this splendid bull that she climbed onto its back and grasped its golden horns.

The Hyades, a V-shaped cluster of stars forming the face of Taurus, has its own mythological story. The Hyades were sisters of Hyas, a great hunter whose death they mourned. The girls were chosen by Zeus to care for his child Dionysus (god of Wine) when his mother died. Zeus placed the sisters into the sky for their service and pity for their grief, and there they continue to weep for their brother.

The ancient Babylonians and Sumerians also recorded the constellation Taurus in the night sky.

The Arabs called Taurus Al Thaur, Il Toro by the Italians, Le Taureau by the French, Taura by the Persians, and Shor by the Jews, all meaning the Bull.

Taurus also contains M1 (NGC 1952), the Crab Nebula. The Crab Nebula is about 5,000 light years away from Earth. It is the remnant of a supernova that occurred in A.D. 1054. The supernova was so bright that it was visible during the day time. The name of the nebula comes from its supposed resemblance to a crab. It is one of the most studied objects in the sky. In 1968 a pulsar was identified near the center of the Crab Nebula. It emits pulses of radio energy with an extremely high degree of regularity. The period is about 33 milliseconds, so short and so regular that it must be due to the rotation of a very dense neutron star.

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Years ago in Memphis, Egypt, archaeologists unearthed the ancient tomb of the Apis-bulls and could hardly believe what they found. Leading to the tomb itself was a broad paved avenue lined by lions carved out of stone. To enter the tomb, one walked through a long and high arched corridor cut into solid rock. It extended for 2,000 feet and was 20 feet wide and 20 feet tall. Many recesses along each side of the corridor had been carved into the rock and each held the ornately entombed remains of Apis-bulls as each one died.

Spring was the time when festivals honoring the Apis-bulls were held. It was also a time when the River Nile gently overflowed its banks and brought life-giving water to the land, a time for planting to begin. At this time in history, roughly around 4000 B.C., the Sun's position along the Zodiac on the first day of spring, or Vernal Equinox, was in that constellation we now recognize as Taurus, the Bull. So for many centuries Taurus was to be the first and most important constellation of the Zodiac. Some have suggested that Taurus may have been the first Zodiac constellation invented.

Gradually the white bull wandered closer to the sea and when near the beach ran into the water and began swimming towards the island of Crete. By this time is was to late for Europa to climb off. When the two arrived to Crete, Zeus changed himself back into his own form. Realizing that he could not marry Europa himself, Zeus gave her in marriage to Asterius, king of Crete. When you look for Taurus in the sky, don't expect to find the entire bull. You are supposed to see only his front half. The explanation is that his hind quarters are underwater since he is quite busy carrying Europa across the sea to Crete. Don't really expect to see the shape of the front quarters of a bull, except in your imagination.

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Elnath

Beta Tauri

Distance (Light Years)
131.0 ± 4.6

Visual Magnitude
1.65

Color (B-V)
-0.13

Names For This StarThis star is also known as Alnath, or Nath. The name derives from the Arabic name Al Natih, "The Butting One." The name is appropriate to the position of the star at the tip of the western horn of Taurus.
The star is also know as Gamma Aurigae.
Description of the StarElnath is a blue B7III giant about 300 times as luminous as the sun. The spectrum indicates that the star is surrounded by an expanding shell of material expelled from the star.

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Aldebaran

Alpha Tauri

Distance (Light Years)
65.1 ± 1.2
Visual Magnitude
0.87
Color (B-V)
1.54
Names For This Star"Aldebaran" comes from the Arabic name Al Dabaran which means "The Follower". The origin of the name is apparently that the star, which is the brightest member of the Hyades, follows after the Pleiades as the sky appears to turn.
Aldebaran is also known by the Latin name Cor Tauri, meaning "The Heart of the Bull" and by the Latin name Parilicium, a name connected with a festival for a rural goddess - see Allen.
Description of the StarAldebaran is an orange K5III almost 50 times the diameter of the sun. This spectral type corresponds to an effective temperature of 3800 K and around 200 times the luminosity of the sun. The mass of the star should be about 25 times the mass of our own sun.
Aldebaran has an M2 dwarf companion visible at 31 arc sec distance.

Taurus 3

Alcyone

Eta Tauri

Distance (Light Years)
368 ± 41

Visual Magnitude
2.85

Color (B-V)
-0.09

Names For This StarThe name of this star is Greek. In Greek mythology, Alcyone was one of the Seven Sisters known as the Pleiades. She was seduced by the Sea God Poseidon and bore a son known as Hyrieus.
Description of the StarAlcyone is a blue B7IIIe giant star. Burnham estimates the luminosity of Alcyone as about 1000 times that of the sun. The star is almost 20 times the diameter of the sun. Alcyone is the brightest star of the Pleiades.
The Pleiades is one of the nearest open clusters to the earth. The cluster probably contains a few hundred stars. The brightest stars of the cluster nine spectral type B giants, concentrated in an area about 7 ly in diameter. The most distant members of the cluster lie up to about 20 ly from the center.
The The Bright Star Catalog suggests that as many as 5 other stars may be associated with Alcyone in a multiple star system.

Taurus 2

Taurus

The Bull

The Bull and ZeusThe Bull is connected with the story of one of the many loves of Zeus, the chief god in the Greek pantheon, whom the Romans called Jupiter. The Bull may represent Io, the daughter of the Inachus of Argus who was changed into a white heifer, as the result of Zeus' passion for her. See the mythology of the constellation Pavo for Io's story.

The Abduction of EuropaHowever, it is hard to confuse a heifer with a bull. More likely Taurus represents Zeus, who took the form of a bull to abduct Europa, the beautiful daughter of King Agenor of Phoenicia, as she was bathing with her girl friends on the beach at Tyre.

Swimming Off to CreteThe Bull charmed the girl to the point that she even dared to sit upon its back, after the Bull lay down on the ground at her feet. Springing up, the Bull ran off into the surf and carried the girl off to Crete. There Zeus revealed himself and seduced the maiden. The son that resulted from their union became King Minos of Crete, who also figures in the story of Ariadne and the Minotaur.
A Gift of a DogAmong the presents offered to Europa by Zeus as he courted her was a large dog, that became the constellation of Canis Major.

The HyadesTaurus is a very large and bright constellation, and there is mythology associated with parts of the constellation as well. The V-shaped group of stars that forms the nose of the bull is known as the Hyades. According to myth, the Hyades had been the daughters of the Titan Atlas by the oceanid Aethra. Their older brother was named Hyas. Hyas was a bold and skilled hunter, but he was killed by a lioness. His sisters loved him greatly and were inconsolable upon his death. Having mercy on their grief, the gods placed them among the stars.

The Nurses of DionysiusThe Hyades have also been identified with the nymphs who nursed the God of Wine, Dionysius as a baby in their cave on Mount Nysa.
The PleiadesThe star cluster in the shoulder joint of the Bull is known as the Pleiades. In mythology the Pleiades are the half-sisters of the Hyades. Their father is Atlas, but their mother is the oceanid Pleione.

The Seven SistersThe Pleiades are known as The Seven Sisters, although only six stars are visible to the naked eye. Alcyone is identified with the brightest star in the cluster. The remaining six sixters are Asterope, Celaeno, Electra, Maia, Merope, and Taygete.
Seducing the SistersMaia was seduced by Zeus and became the mother of Hermes, the Messenger God. Zeus also had relations with Electra and Taygete. From these unions came Dardanus, the founder of the city of Troy and Lacedaemon, the founder of the city of Sparta.

Alcyone and Celaeno were seduced by Poseidon the Sea God, while the War God Ares forced himself on Asterope.

Merope and SisyphusOf the seven Pleiades only Merope took a mortal lover. This was the sly Sisyphus who outwitted even Death. As punishment for his presumption Sisyphus was condemned eternally to roll a heavy stone up hill only to have it roll down again.

The Missing SisterOf the Seven Sisters, only six stars are visible in the sky. Some say that the missing sister is Merope, because she is the only one of the seven to take a mortal lover. Others say that the missing sister is Electra, who was so overcome with grief at the destruction of the city of Troy by Agamemnon's Greek army that she ran off weeping and left her sisters forever.

Taurus 1

Taurus

Venus
Venus Heart Fixed feminine

Πλειάδες : Pleiades.

Beta Tauri : النطح


Alpha tauri : « Aldebaran » الدبران

Gamma tauri : Αμβροσιη

Delta Tauri : Ευδωρη


Apis “ bull god”

Sarapis : Σάραπις

Yades: Uάδες

金牛

Bi Le Filet :畢宿